Enter ping and the URL of a well-known web site that you can assume is available. For example ping www.google.com . The Ping command then sends so-called ICMP Echo Request packets to the said boarding address. If the connection to the Internet works, the output will give you the IP address for the URL. And you can see how to receive data packets (ICMP echo-response packets) from the pinged website and how long they will take. You can also see if packages are lost. Press CTRL + C to cancel the continuous output.
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The indication "time" in the output of the ping command indicates how long the 32-byte data packets and their response require. The smaller the number, the better. TTL (Time-To-Live) specifies the number of intermediate stations (hops) that the data packet between sender and recipient requires. This value is always reduced by 1 per router / device, with a value like 64 given to start. The ping statistic should not show any lost data packets. If the response times are okay and no packets are lost, then everything fits.
If ping does not work or the message "unknown host" or a timeout occurs, then something is wrong with your internet connection or the pinged website is not available.
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In this case you should check if you can ping your gateway. You determine the address of the gateway with the route or netstat command (see below). If pinging the gateway does not work either, then you have no connection from client to gateway. Check the cabling or if there is a WLAN connection to the router and if the configurations of your client computers and the gateway are OK.
But if the gateway answers, then perhaps the name resolution could not work. Or the pinged website is offline. Then try another well-known website.
You can also ping your local host by pinging the loopback address: ping localhost or ping 127.0.0.1. If the correct answer then comes, IP is installed correctly on the host, which is a prerequisite for a functioning Internet connection. However, testing the loopback does not guarantee that you will be able to access the Internet because pinging on localhost will not tell you about your gateway. Ping again the IP address of your gateway. If this is achievable, at least the connection between the PC and the gateway will work.
By default, ping delivers a continuous output on a Linux system, which you can cancel with CTRL + C (on Windows machines, it stops after four lines). By adding the suffix "-c 3" to ping, the output returns only three lines. You then save the canceling of the output with CTRL + c.
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But even within your own network, you can use the ping command. For example, ping the IP address of your router (the Fritzbox, for example, uses 192.168.178.1 as the address) to make sure that you can even reach the router from your computer. In a Fritz box, the command would therefore be: ping 192.168.178.1. This is one of the basic tests for checking your LAN connection at all. In the same way you also test the accessibility of other PCs in your network by pinging their IP address.
6. Traceroute: Which way does the data package take?
Use the traceroute command (called the tracert command in Windows) to track the path of an IP data packet from your Linux machine to the destination address. For example: traceroute. You will see the address of your gateway, Cizutech all intermediate stations (the "hops") and finally the IP address of the target computer / server. You will also learn how much time the data packet needs from one station to the next. Traceroute can be used with both an IP address and a host name. For host names, Tracert specifies the IP address.